Is ‘Legal Personhood’ a Tool or a Distraction for Māori Relationships with Nature?
In Aotearoa New Zealand, the majestic Whanganui River flows from Mount Tongariro to the west coast of the North Island. For Māori tribes, this river is more than just a body of water—it is a revered ancestor with its own presence and voice. This deep spiritual connection makes the river’s well-being crucial, not only from an environmental standpoint but also culturally and spiritually. In 2017, the Whanganui River—known as Te Awa Tupua—achieved a historic milestone by being recognized as a